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61
|
Bagaimana pengaruh salju terhadap kinerja kapal di es?
How does snow affect ship performance in ice?
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62
|
Apa yang dimaksud bentuk lambung yang memengaruhi kemampuan manuver dalam es?
What is meant by hull form affecting maneuverability in ice?
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63
|
Mengapa diameter lingkaran putar kapal cenderung membesar di es tebal?
Why does the turning circle diameter of a ship tend to increase in thick ice?
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64
|
Apa yang dimaksud operasi backing and ramming dalam navigasi es?
What is meant by backing and ramming in ice navigation?
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65
|
Mengapa pemecah es kadang menggunakan olah gerak star manoeuvre?
Why do icebreakers sometimes use a star manoeuvre?
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66
|
Apa yang dapat sangat menghambat kecepatan kapal yang tidak diperkuat close pack ice /heavy ice ?
What can seriously hinder the progress of an unstrengthened ship in close ice?
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67
|
Mengapa baling-baling sebaiknya tetap berputar perlahan saat kapal berhenti di dalam es, jika aman dilakukan?
Why should the propeller be kept slowly turning when a ship is stopped in ice, if safe to do so?
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68
|
Apa tindakan yang paling tepat bila jarak pandang menurun tajam saat menavigasi di es?
What is the most appropriate action if visibility drops sharply while navigating in ice?
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69
|
Mengapa perubahan arah kapal sebaiknya dilakukan di perairan terbuka atau es ringan?
Why should course alterations preferably be made in open water or in light ice?
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70
|
Jika kapal harus berputar tajam dalam es yang sangat rapat, teknik yang paling tepat adalah?
If the ship must make a sharp turn in very close ice, what is the most appropriate technique?
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